Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert the chemical energy of fuels directly into electrical energy. They are a promising alternative to conventional power generation technologies, as they are highly efficient, environmentally friendly, and can be used for a variety of applications, ranging from portable power to grid-scale electricity generation.

Among the various types of fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are a particularly attractive option, as they offer high efficiency, low emissions, and fuel flexibility. In particular, tubular solid oxide fuel cells (TSOFCs) have emerged as promising technology, offering several advantages over other types of fuel cells.